Lab Guide
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Test ID: ENA SmD
ENA SmD
Anti- Smith D (Anti-Smd) antibodies
Useful For

When a patient exhibits signs and symptoms of a connective tissue disease and has a positive antinuclear antibody test (CTD), a clinical diagnosis is made. Furthermore, the evaluation of Extractable Nuclear Antigens Smith d (ENA Smd) aids in the clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

 

Method name and description

Method: Fluorescence Enzyme Immunoassay (FEIA), Uses the EliA IgG method on Phadia system.

Using EliA technology solid phase, analyte molecules can be extracted from a sample. To achieve this, a well is coated with an antigen that specifically binds to target antibodies. Following the removal of non-bound antibodies, enzyme-labeled antibodies against human antibodies (EliA IgG Conjugate) are added to form an antibody conjugate complex. This complex is then incubated and non-bound conjugate is subsequently washed away. The bound complex is then incubated with a Development Solution, and after stopping the reaction, the fluorescence in the reaction mixture is measured. A higher response value indicates the presence of a more specific antibody in the specimen.

Reporting name

ENA Smd

Clinical information

The determination of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is a central importance for the clinical diagnosis of connective tissue diseases. Sm antibodies, and particularly those against the SmD component, offer a highly specific, but comparatively insensitive, clinical marker for SLE. Indeed, their presence constitutes one of the revised criteria for diagnosis, even though their overall prevalence ranges from 20% to 30% in SLE. Anti-Sm antibodies react with the proteins BB’ and D. However, tests which include the antigens BB’ fail to differentiate patients with SLE from those with other autoimmune diseases. Only SmD is considered the most SLE-specific antigen.

Aliases

ENA smd

anti-smd

Smith Autoantibodies

Specimen type / Specimen volume / Specimen container

Specimen type: Serum sample.

Specimen Volume: At minimum 2 mL whole blood or 0.5 mL serum.

Container Tube: Plan tube /Serum gel (Yellow top tubes).

Storage and transport instructions

For sample transportation, the sample should remain at room temperature (18-25°C ) for no longer than eight hours.

Separated serum samples can be stored at 2-8°C for one week.

Separated serum samples should be frozen at below -20°C for any long-term storage.

Specimen Rejection Criteria

Quantity not sufficient (QNS)

Hemolysis

Lipemic

Wrong collection container

Biological reference intervals and clinical decision values

Anti-ENA Smith D (Smd) antibodies:

Interpretation of Test Results Reference Values (U/ml)   
Negative < 7
Equivocal 7 - 10
Positive > 10
Turnaround time / Days and times test performed / Specimen retention time

Turnaround Time: 5 working days. 

Days and Times test performed: Twice per week starting from Sunday through Thursday from 7:00 to 15:00.

Specimen retention time: Approximately 7 days.